Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:

1. ‘digital operational resilience’ means the ability of a financial entity to build, assure and review its operational integrity and reliability by ensuring, either directly or indirectly through the use of services provided by ICT third-party service providersan undertaking providing ICT services, the full range of ICT-related capabilities needed to address the security of the network and information systemsa network and information system as defined in Article 6, point 1, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 which a financial entity uses, and which support the continued provision of financial services and their quality, including throughout disruptions;

2. ‘network and information system’ means network and information systema network and information system as defined in Article 6, point 1, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as defined in 2022/2555;

3. ‘legacy ICT system’ means an ICT system that has reached the end of its lifecycle (end-of- life), that is not suitable for upgrades or fixes, for technological or commercial reasons, or is no longer supported by its supplier or by an ICT third-party service provideran undertaking providing ICT services, but that is still in use and supports the functions of the financial entity;

4. ‘security of network and information systems’ means security of network and information systemssecurity of network and information systems as defined in Article 6, point 2, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as defined in Article 6, point 2, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555;

5. ‘ICT risk’ means any reasonably identifiable circumstance in relation to the use of network and information systemsa network and information system as defined in Article 6, point 1, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 which, if materialised, may compromise the security of the network and information systemsa network and information system as defined in Article 6, point 1, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555, of any technology dependent tool or process, of operations and processes, or of the provision of services by producing adverse effects in the digital or physical environment;

6. ‘information asset’ means a collection of information, either tangible or intangible, that is worth protecting;

7. ‘ICT asset’ means a software or hardware asset in the network and information systemsa network and information system as defined in Article 6, point 1, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 used by the financial entity;

8. ‘ICT-related incident’ means a single event or a series of linked events unplanned by the financial entity that compromises the security of the network and information systemsa network and information system as defined in Article 6, point 1, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555, and have an adverse impact on the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of data, or on the services provided by the financial entity;

9. ‘operational or security payment-related incident’ means a single event or a series of linked events unplanned by the financial entitiesas defined in Article 2, points (a) to (t) referred to in Article 2(1), points (a) to (d), whether ICT-related or not, that has an adverse impact on the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of payment-related data, or on the payment-related services provided by the financial entity;

10. ‘major ICT-related incident’ means an ICT-related incidenta single event or a series of linked events unplanned by the financial entity that compromises the security of the network and information systems, and have an adverse impact on the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of data, or on the services provided by the financial entity that has a high adverse impact on the network and information systemsa network and information system as defined in Article 6, point 1, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 that support critical or important functionsa function the disruption of which would materially impair the financial performance of a financial entity, or the soundness or continuity of its services and activities, or the discontinued, defective or failed performance of that function would materially impair the continuing compliance of a financial entity with the conditions and obligations of its authorisation, or with its other obligations under applicable financial services law of the financial entity;

11. ‘major operational or security payment-related incident’ means an operational or security payment-related incidenta single event or a series of linked events unplanned by the financial entities referred to in Article 2(1), points (a) to (d), whether ICT-related or not, that has an adverse impact on the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of payment-related data, or on the payment-related services provided by the financial entity that has a high adverse impact on the payment-related services provided;

12. ‘cyber threat’ means ‘cyber threat’ as defined in Article 2, point (8), of Regulation (EU) 2019/881;

13. ‘significant cyber threat’ means a cyber threatas defined in Article 2, point (8), of Regulation (EU) 2019/881: any potential circumstance, event or action that could damage, disrupt or otherwise adversely impact network and information systems, the users of such systems and other persons the technical characteristics of which indicate that it could have the potential to result in a major ICT-related incidentan ICT-related incident that has a high adverse impact on the network and information systems that support critical or important functions of the financial entity or a major operational or security payment-related incidenta single event or a series of linked events unplanned by the financial entities referred to in Article 2(1), points (a) to (d), whether ICT-related or not, that has an adverse impact on the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of payment-related data, or on the payment-related services provided by the financial entity;

14. ‘cyber-attack’ means a malicious ICT-related incidenta single event or a series of linked events unplanned by the financial entity that compromises the security of the network and information systems, and have an adverse impact on the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of data, or on the services provided by the financial entity caused by means of an attempt perpetrated by any threat actor to destroy, expose, alter, disable, steal or gain unauthorised access to, or make unauthorised use of, an asset;

15. ‘threat intelligence’ means information that has been aggregated, transformed, analysed, interpreted or enriched to provide the necessary context for decision-making and to enable relevant and sufficient understanding in order to mitigate the impact of an ICT-related incidenta single event or a series of linked events unplanned by the financial entity that compromises the security of the network and information systems, and have an adverse impact on the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of data, or on the services provided by the financial entity or of a cyber threatas defined in Article 2, point (8), of Regulation (EU) 2019/881: any potential circumstance, event or action that could damage, disrupt or otherwise adversely impact network and information systems, the users of such systems and other persons, including the technical details of a cyber-attacka malicious ICT-related incident caused by means of an attempt perpetrated by any threat actor to destroy, expose, alter, disable, steal or gain unauthorised access to, or make unauthorised use of, an asset, those responsible for the attack and their modus operandi and motivations;

16. ‘vulnerability’ means a weakness, susceptibility or flaw of an asset, system, process or control that can be exploited;

17. ‘threat-led penetration testing (TLPT(threat-led penetration testing) a framework that mimics the tactics, techniques and procedures of real-life threat actors perceived as posing a genuine cyber threat, that delivers a controlled, bespoke, intelligence-led (red team) test of the financial entity’s critical live production systems)’ means a framework that mimics the tactics, techniques and procedures of real-life threat actors perceived as posing a genuine cyber threatas defined in Article 2, point (8), of Regulation (EU) 2019/881: any potential circumstance, event or action that could damage, disrupt or otherwise adversely impact network and information systems, the users of such systems and other persons, that delivers a controlled, bespoke, intelligence-led (red team) test of the financial entity’s critical live production systems;

18. ‘ICT third-party risk’ means an ICT riskany reasonably identifiable circumstance in relation to the use of network and information systems which, if materialised, may compromise the security of the network and information systems, of any technology dependent tool or process, of operations and processes, or of the provision of services by producing adverse effects in the digital or physical environment that may arise for a financial entity in relation to its use of ICT servicesdigital and data services provided through ICT systems to one or more internal or external users on an ongoing basis, including hardware as a service and hardware services which includes the provision of technical support via software or firmware updates by the hardware provider, excluding traditional analogue telephone services provided by ICT third-party service providersan undertaking providing ICT services or by subcontractors of the latter, including through outsourcing arrangements;

19. ‘ICT third-party service provider’ means an undertaking providing ICT servicesdigital and data services provided through ICT systems to one or more internal or external users on an ongoing basis, including hardware as a service and hardware services which includes the provision of technical support via software or firmware updates by the hardware provider, excluding traditional analogue telephone services;

20. ‘ICT intra-group service provider’ means an undertaking that is part of a financial groupa group as defined in Article 2, point (11), of Directive 2013/34/EU and that provides predominantly ICT servicesdigital and data services provided through ICT systems to one or more internal or external users on an ongoing basis, including hardware as a service and hardware services which includes the provision of technical support via software or firmware updates by the hardware provider, excluding traditional analogue telephone services to financial entitiesas defined in Article 2, points (a) to (t) within the same groupa group as defined in Article 2, point (11), of Directive 2013/34/EU or to financial entitiesas defined in Article 2, points (a) to (t) belonging to the same institutional protection scheme, including to their parent undertakingsa parent undertaking within the meaning of Article 2, point (9), and Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU, subsidiariesa subsidiary undertaking within the meaning of Article 2, point (10), and Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU, branches or other entities that are under common ownership or control;

21. ‘ICT services’ means digital and data services provided through ICT systems to one or more internal or external users on an ongoing basis, including hardware as a service and hardware services which includes the provision of technical support via software or firmware updates by the hardware provider, excluding traditional analogue telephone services;

22. ‘critical or important function’ means a function the disruption of which would materially impair the financial performance of a financial entity, or the soundness or continuity of its services and activities, or the discontinued, defective or failed performance of that function would materially impair the continuing compliance of a financial entity with the conditions and obligations of its authorisation, or with its other obligations under applicable financial services law;

23. ‘critical ICT third-party service provider’ means an ICT third-party service provideran undertaking providing ICT services designated as critical in accordance with Article 31;

24. ‘ICT third-party service provider established in a third country’ means an ICT third-party service provideran undertaking providing ICT services that is a legal person established in a third-country and that has entered into a contractual arrangement with a financial entity for the provision of ICT servicesdigital and data services provided through ICT systems to one or more internal or external users on an ongoing basis, including hardware as a service and hardware services which includes the provision of technical support via software or firmware updates by the hardware provider, excluding traditional analogue telephone services;

25. ‘subsidiary’ means a subsidiarya subsidiary undertaking within the meaning of Article 2, point (10), and Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU undertaking within the meaning of Article 2, point (10), and Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU;

26. ‘group’ means a groupa group as defined in Article 2, point (11), of Directive 2013/34/EU as defined in Article 2, point (11), of Directive 2013/34/EU;

27. ‘parent undertaking’ means a parent undertakinga parent undertaking within the meaning of Article 2, point (9), and Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU within the meaning of Article 2, point (9), and Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU;

28. ‘ICT subcontractor established in a third country’ means an ICT subcontractor that is a legal person established in a third-country and that has entered into a contractual arrangement either with an ICT third-party service provideran undertaking providing ICT services, or with an ICT third-party service provider established in a third countryan ICT third-party service provider that is a legal person established in a third-country and that has entered into a contractual arrangement with a financial entity for the provision of ICT services;

29. ‘ICT concentration risk’ means an exposure to individual or multiple related critical ICT third-party service providersan ICT third-party service provider designated as critical in accordance with Article 31 creating a degree of dependency on such providers so that the unavailability, failure or other type of shortfall of such provider may potentially endanger the ability of a financial entity to deliver critical or important functionsa function the disruption of which would materially impair the financial performance of a financial entity, or the soundness or continuity of its services and activities, or the discontinued, defective or failed performance of that function would materially impair the continuing compliance of a financial entity with the conditions and obligations of its authorisation, or with its other obligations under applicable financial services law, or cause it to suffer other types of adverse effects, including large losses, or endanger the financial stability of the Union as a whole;

30. ‘management body’ means a management bodya management body as defined in Article 4(1), point (36), of Directive 2014/65/EU, Article 3(1), point (7), of Directive 2013/36/EU, Article 2(1), point (s), of Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Article 2(1), point (45), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014, Article 3(1), point (20), of Regulation (EU) 2016/1011, and in the relevant provision of the Regulation on markets in crypto-assets, or the equivalent persons who effectively run the entity or have key functions in accordance with relevant Union or national law as defined in Article 4(1), point (36), of Directive 2014/65/EU, Article 3(1), point (7), of Directive 2013/36/EU, Article 2(1), point (s), of Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(³¹)Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS) (OJ L 302, 17.11.2009, p. 32)., Article 2(1), point (45), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014, Article 3(1), point (20), of Regulation (EU) 2016/1011, and in the relevant provision of the Regulation on markets in crypto-assets, or the equivalent persons who effectively run the entity or have key functions in accordance with relevant Union or national law;

31. ‘credit institution’ means a credit institutiona credit institution as defined in Article 4(1), point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council as defined in Article 4(1), point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (³²)Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 1).;

32. ‘institution exempted pursuant to Directive 2013/36/EU’ means an entity as referred to in Article 2(5), points (4) to (23), of Directive 2013/36/EU;

33. ‘investment firm’ means an investment firman investment firm as defined in Article 4(1), point (1), of Directive 2014/65/EU as defined in Article 4(1), point (1), of Directive 2014/65/EU;

34. ‘small and non-interconnected investment firm’ means an investment firman investment firm as defined in Article 4(1), point (1), of Directive 2014/65/EU that meets the conditions laid out in Article 12(1) of Regulation (EU) 2019/2033 of the European Parliament and of the Council (³³)Regulation (EU) 2019/2033 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on the prudential requirements of investment firms and amending Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010, (EU) No 575/2013, (EU) No 600/2014 and (EU) No 806/2014 (OJ L 314, 5.12.2019, p. 1).;

35. ‘payment institution’ means a payment institutiona payment institution as defined in Article 4, point (4), of Directive (EU) 2015/2366 as defined in Article 4, point (4), of Directive (EU) 2015/2366;

36. ‘payment institution exempted pursuant to Directive (EU) 2015/2366’ means a payment institutiona payment institution as defined in Article 4, point (4), of Directive (EU) 2015/2366 exempted pursuant to Article 32(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/2366;

37. ‘account information service provider’ means an account information service provideran account information service provider as referred to in Article 33(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/2366 as referred to in Article 33(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/2366;

38. ‘electronic money institution’ means an electronic money institutionan electronic money institution as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council;

39. ‘electronic money institution exempted pursuant to Directive 2009/110/EC’ means an electronic money institutionan electronic money institution as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council benefitting from a waiver as referred to in Article 9(1) of Directive 2009/110/EC;

40. ‘central counterparty’ means a central counterpartya central counterparty as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012;

41. ‘trade repository’ means a trade repositorya trade repository as defined in Article 2, point (2), of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 as defined in Article 2, point (2), of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012;

42. ‘central securities depository’ means a central securities depositorya central securities depository as defined in Article 2(1), point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014 as defined in Article 2(1), point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014;

43. ‘trading venue’ means a trading venuea trading venue as defined in Article 4(1), point (24), of Directive 2014/65/EU as defined in Article 4(1), point (24), of Directive 2014/65/EU;

44. ‘manager of alternative investment funds’ means a manager of alternative investment fundsa manager of alternative investment funds as defined in Article 4(1), point (b), of Directive 2011/61/EU as defined in Article 4(1), point (b), of Directive 2011/61/EU;

45. ‘management company’ means a management companya management company as defined in Article 2(1), point (b), of Directive 2009/65/EC as defined in Article 2(1), point (b), of Directive 2009/65/EC;

46. ‘data reporting service provider’ means a data reporting service providera data reporting service provider within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014, as referred to in Article 2(1), points (34) to (36) thereof within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014, as referred to in Article 2(1), points (34) to (36) thereof;

47. ‘insurance undertaking’ means an insurance undertakingan insurance undertaking as defined in Article 13, point (1), of Directive 2009/138/EC as defined in Article 13, point (1), of Directive 2009/138/EC;

48. ‘reinsurance undertaking’ means a reinsurance undertakinga reinsurance undertaking as defined in Article 13, point (4), of Directive 2009/138/EC as defined in Article 13, point (4), of Directive 2009/138/EC;

49. ‘insurance intermediary’ means an insurance intermediaryan insurance intermediary as defined in Article 2(1), point (3), of Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council; as defined in Article 2(1), point (3), of Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council (³⁴)Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 on insurance distribution (OJ L 26, 2.2.2016, p. 19).;

50. ‘ancillary insurance intermediary’ means an ancillary insurance intermediaryan ancillary insurance intermediary as defined in Article 2(1), point (4), of Directive (EU) 2016/97 as defined in Article 2(1), point (4), of Directive (EU) 2016/97;

51. ‘reinsurance intermediary’ means a reinsurance intermediarya reinsurance intermediary as defined in Article 2(1), point (5), of Directive (EU) 2016/97 as defined in Article 2(1), point (5), of Directive (EU) 2016/97;

52. ‘institution for occupational retirement provision’ means an institution for occupational retirement provisionan institution for occupational retirement provision as defined in Article 6, point (1), of Directive (EU) 2016/2341 as defined in Article 6, point (1), of Directive (EU) 2016/2341;

53. ‘small institution for occupational retirement provision’ means an institution for occupational retirement provisionan institution for occupational retirement provision as defined in Article 6, point (1), of Directive (EU) 2016/2341 which operates pension schemes which together have less than 100 members in total;

54. ‘credit rating agency’ means a credit rating agencya credit rating agency as defined in Article 3(1), point (b), of Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 as defined in Article 3(1), point (b), of Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009;

55. ‘crypto-asset service provider’ means a crypto-asset service providera crypto-asset service provider as defined in the relevant provision of the Regulation on markets in crypto-assets as defined in the relevant provision of the Regulation on markets in crypto-assets;

56. ‘issuer of asset-referenced tokens’ means an issuer of asset-referenced tokensan issuer of asset-referenced tokens as defined in the relevant provision of the Regulation on markets in crypto-assets as defined in the relevant provision of the Regulation on markets in crypto-assets;

57. ‘administrator of critical benchmarks’ means an administrator of ‘critical benchmarks’ as defined in Article 3(1), point (25), of Regulation (EU) 2016/1011;

58. ‘crowdfunding service provider’ means a crowdfunding service providera crowdfunding service provider as defined in Article 2(1), point (e), of Regulation (EU) 2020/1503 of the European Parliament and of the Council as defined in Article 2(1), point (e), of Regulation (EU) 2020/1503 of the European Parliament and of the Council (³⁵)Regulation (EU) 2020/1503 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 October 2020 on European crowdfunding service providers for business, and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 and Directive (EU) 2019/1937 (OJ L 347, 20.10.2020, p. 1).;

59. ‘securitisation repository’ means a securitisation repositorya securitisation repository as defined in Article 2, point (23), of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 of the European Parliament and of the Council as defined in Article 2, point (23), of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 of the European Parliament and of the Council (³⁶)Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2017 laying down a general framework for securitisation and creating a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardised securitisation, and amending Directives 2009/65/EC, 2009/138/EC and 2011/61/EU and Regulations (EC) No 1060/2009 and (EU) No 648/2012 (OJ L 347, 28.12.2017, p. 35).;

60. ‘microenterprise’ means a financial entity, other than a trading venuea trading venue as defined in Article 4(1), point (24), of Directive 2014/65/EU, a central counterpartya central counterparty as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012, a trade repositorya trade repository as defined in Article 2, point (2), of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 or a central securities depositorya central securities depository as defined in Article 2(1), point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014, which employs fewer than 10 persons and has an annual turnover and/or annual balance sheet total that does not exceed EUR 2 million;

61. ‘Lead Overseer’ means the European Supervisory Authority appointed in accordance with Article 31(1), point (b) of this Regulation;

62. ‘Joint Committee’ means the committee referred to in Article 54 of Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010, (EU) No 1094/2010 and (EU) No 1095/2010;

63. ‘small enterprise’ means a financial entity that employs 10 or more persons, but fewer than 50 persons, and has an annual turnover and/or annual balance sheet total that exceeds EUR 2 million, but does not exceed EUR 10 million;

64. ‘medium-sized enterprise’ means a financial entity that is not a small enterprisea financial entity that employs 10 or more persons, but fewer than 50 persons, and has an annual turnover and/or annual balance sheet total that exceeds EUR 2 million, but does not exceed EUR 10 million and employs fewer than 250 persons and has an annual turnover that does not exceed EUR 50 million and/or an annual balance sheet that does not exceed EUR 43 million;

65. ‘public authority’ means any government or other public administration entity, including national central banks.